More fuss today in The Globe and Mail (think you may need a subscription for that link) about the veracity, or lack thereof, in Prairie Giant, the CBC docudrama about Tommy Douglas that aired a few months back. People have taken the creators to task for not letting the facts get in the way of a good story, in particular the descendants of the late Saskatchewan Liberal politician Jimmy Gardiner, who object to his portrayal as a redneck drinker. Shirley Douglas (mom of Kiefer Sutherland, daughter of Tommy) also apparently withdrew her support from the project after finding the script played fast and loose with facts. The CBC has withdrawn the mini-series from repeats and DVD sales. The director and screenwriter, as well as the Directors' Guild on their behalf, are trotting out the usual argument that because it's a drama, it doesn't have to be accurate. They're crying censorship.
While I see their point, I admit I'm getting tired of the degree to which history is knowingly distorted in the service of dramatic exigencies. I know it's hard to create a script that sticks to the facts while at the same time making the film easy to follow, entertaining, and affordable. And no one's version of the "truth" is ever the truth. But I think deliberately changing verifiable facts about real people is dangerous, at least when you sell your product as docudrama. A novel that speculates about the inner life of a real person is one thing, and so is a theatrical film based on such a novel. But a CBC miniseries about a politician whose story is intricately tied up with that of the nation raises certain expectations in the viewer that, if not met, will come back to bite the producer in the ass.
Perhaps there's nowhere to draw the line with drama. But I did watch Prairie Giant, and was much more bothered by the anachronistic details that I find so common to these productions, where people in a historical context exhibit the social behaviours of today rather than of the period. For example, there's a scene where a boy, perhaps in his early teens, accompanies Tommy Douglas, then a Baptist minister on the Depression-racked prairie, to bring a box of old clothes to a poor farm family. As they approach the house, the boy says to Douglas that Mrs. So-and-So "must be pregnant."
When I was growing up in small-town Canada in the 1960s, no boy would ever have used the word pregnant when speaking to an adult, much less the Baptist minister. He'd have died of embarrassment first. In fact, no adult I knew ever used that word in front of children. Possibly boys might have used it when speaking to each other, but I can count on one hand the number of times I heard that word from an adult in the first 18 years of my life. A woman was "expecting," in the parlance of the day. Saying "pregnant" was a little bit like saying "toilet," an awkward word for Canadians. And adults avoided pointing out a woman's condition at all to children if they could possibly help it. Am I mistaken in believing that the 1920s and '30s would have been even more conservative than the '60s? (When Demi Moore appeared pregnant and naked on the cover of Vanity Fair in the early 1990s, it marked the first time I'd ever seen a pregnant woman's body, and I was in my mid-30s at the time. Today women's bared, pregnant midriffs are everywhere in the celebrity mags -- I think they're quite beautiful -- and famous women's "bumps" are magnified on tabloid covers. That's a whole other topic.)
There were a number of other gaffes of that nature in Prairie Giant that didn't jibe with my experience of how people used to behave, especially church-going people. Part of the series was dull, and part was rather exciting. Realistic? I don't know. I voted for Tommy in the CBC's Greatest Canadian competition (and he won). He deserves better.
Tuesday, July 04, 2006
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4 comments:
I,too, voted for Tommy, and he won. I am not so bothered as you about dramatization, although there are many examples where the dramatics have come to be taken as fact. I'm sure Greer Garson was nothing like Eleanor Roosevelt, but if viewers thought she was in Sunrise at Campobello, then the fiction became the reality. Similarly, in Amadeus, Peter Shaffer managed to tell a lively tale that probably never happened, but which has more or less become the substitute reality for the real life of Mozart...and Salieri, for that matter. The dramatization of the internal life of an individual is even trickier,to my mind, than being selective or buffing up the truth of the facts of the external life.
D.B ., would you have used the word pregnant when you were a boy, if speaking to the Baptist minister?
C.
I can't recall, but then we were Anglicans -- the Tory Party at prayer.
To me, a lot of this issue boils down to billing and "pigeonhole" terms for what you’re doing.
Billing first: disclaimers about changing the facts, telescoping incidents and combining characters should be at the start of a movie, not the end (where you’ll usually find it--it plays to the audiences’ collective back as they file out, or as they change the channel, if it’s on t.v.). And I’d like to see an opening line of printed words on the screen, an accepted “gateway” for all such films. Not “once upon a time,” but “it might have been this way...” (or something like that. I know it won’t happen, but a girl can dream.)
Pigeonholing: I hate the word “docudrama” almost as much as I hate “nonfiction novel.” These words are trying to give a project gravitas which, if done correctly, earns the gravitas on its own. Most people understand that you can’t dramatize an entire life. You can only interpret and represent. The word “docudrama,” like “nonfiction novel,” sounds like it was created to deflect criticism.
And as I type that, I find my sympathy suddenly turning toward the filmmakers. From here on, things are going to get tangled.
Changing facts to dramatically telescope an inner truth is a risky project, even if everyone’s intentions are honourable. Decisions that seem perfect on the set or in the cutting room can have a much different effect on friends, family and fans. Putting aside the issue of whether the decisions are creatively brilliant or inane, the odds are that the creators will hurt someone who trusted them. And, when dealing with a figure who lives in many people’s hearts, they will hurt or offend untold numbers of people they’ve never met, but who also trust them to to be caring, to be brilliant, to do right by history. Even biographers, who include so much more than a film or docudrama can, get anguished letters from sources and devotees of their subject.
This, I think, is because there is no such thing as a definitive biography, or an objective one--whether it's on the page or on film. James Atlas once wrote an essay on biography (books), saying that the a good biographer’s presence couldn’t be specifically detected anywhere, but it was present everywhere--in what she chooses to stress, to leave out, in her interpretation of how and why the facts connect. The facts can be correct, but facts are used for dramatic effect. He speculated on why biographers write about their subjects. (Sometimes biographers even look like their subjects.) More often than not, it’s an emotional identification, one that’s unstated and of which the writer may be unaware. Nevertheless, it affects each creative choice--because written biographies are like encyclopedia entries, given pace and dramatic shape. To my mind, bios should also start, in theory, with “It might have been this way....”
Anyway, all these problems are compounded when the biography,or simply the life, becomes putty in the hands of dramatists, who are drawn to it for their own reasons. In the end, the subject is seen through several filters, including the actor’s. I think the performance is just as powerful as script's creative licence. Who remembers the exact plot of “Funny Girl”? Instead, milions of people just think that Fanny Brice looked and sang like Barbra Streisand.
Films often pay to adapt a written biography, but this gives critics an easy way to critique their choices when it comes to bending the facts to find the truth (which is the usual motive, of course, for shaping someone’s life). It is much easier to say that the filmmakers have betrayed a biography (“that’s not what it said in Chapter 7!”) than to say “This is nothing like Dorothy Parker, LBJ, etc.--not even in spirit.” And when a critic does take that approach, she is assuming the same mantle of arrogance that the biographer and the filmmakers took on. Interpreting the life of someone who (usually) you never knew is a breathtakingly arrogant act. (Which is not to say people shouldn’t do it.) I have to wonder how critics of a movie I hated (“Chaplin”), one I had mixed feelings about (“A Beautiful Mind”) and another one I hated (“Finding Neverland”) came to appoint themselves the official arbiters of what Chaplin, John Nash and James M. Barrie were/are really like. (And they all seem to think they understand the essence of T.E. Lawrence, and thus approve of “Lawrence of Arabia.” So do I--another self-appointed expert.)
Enlisting the support of family members is another way filmmakers validate such projects, and often the family suffers real hurt when they see the results. A biographer at least understands that her work will be twisted, and when she allows her book to be optioned, professional cynicism tells her she’s being paid to keep her nose out of things... and that she may not like those “things.” Family members are giving the filmmakers a sacred trust ... and their fear and their hurt is very real. In an ideal world, respect for living people who trusted them will keep the filmmakers alert to when bending facts is really necessary, and when it’s .... lazy. The easy way but not, creatively, the best one.
I didn’t see the Douglas movie. He is one of my heroes, and I don’t know how I would have reacted to it. But I know that films about people from our own day, or from a generation or two ago, who still seem very near and dear, reach an extremely protective public. Douglas is a great Canadian hero, and to add to the project's volatility, he hasn’t been the subject of hundreds of songs, t.v. shows, films, and pop songs. This was his first exposure (that I know of) to a high-profile popular interpretation. And so we feel extremely protective--much more than we are (or others may be) of much-interpreted figures like LBJ, RFK, JFK, Elvis, or the Beatles. Some of us may be upset by certain films about them, but at least we’re used to the phenomenon. And as for people from other centuries, I’ve never heard anyone express concern for the reputation of any Roman emporer or king in Shakespeare. In essence, they feel like fiction to us anyway. Does that change the dramatist or filmmaker's responsibility?
I think it’s good to keep discussing this, but I don’t think there will ever be an answer. In 2004, George Clooney kept closely to most of the facts (so I’m told) in “Good Night and Good Luck,” But this meant he had to keep his focus very narrow--the movie was almost entirely about the televised exchanges between Edward R. Murrow and McCarthy. That’s why, to me, that movie fails. It didn’t reverberate. It needed more sweep--and perhaps some bending and telescoping. Bending and telescoping are valid if they create the magic of meaning. Clooney's film was an honourable project. And to me it was an honourable failure. Limited by the facts, it was also limited to presenting the poison of McCarthyism as only a footnote in history.
After this rant, may I ask a question? Did the Douglas t.v. movie use actual footage of Douglas? To me, the inclusion of actual new footage is what makes a docudrama, not a biopic.
Your friend,
Marion Dee
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